

   D2D                   Professional Disc Copy Program                   D2D


        NAME

             d2d - disc-to-disc copy program

        SYNOPSIS

             d2d from to [/number] [/a] [/bstring] [/cstring] [/D]
             [/enumber] [/n] [/o] [/q] [/r] [/tdrive:[directory]] [/u]
             [/v[s]] [/w] [/xnumber] [/?]

        DESCRIPTION

             D2D is a program to copy discs. Discs can be  usual  floppy
             discs  or  virtual  discs.  Virtual  discs  are  images  of
             previously read floppy discs that reside on a fixed disc.

             Images can be copied back to discs again, just like copying
             a  usual  disc.  Therefore discs and images can be used for
             source and destination of the copy  process.  D2D  uses  an
             image  if  the necessary drive letter and colon is followed
             by any  character;  otherwise  it  uses  discs.  The  first
             specified  disc  or  image  denotes  the source whereas the
             second disc or image denotes the destination  of  the  copy
             operation.

             Source  and  destination may be identical. D2D reads in the
             source and writes the contents of it  to  the  destination.
             Both,  the  source  and  destination  disc's  drive must be
             physically compatible as  D2D  only  can  produce  physical
             copies (as opposed to file-by-file copies) of a disc.

             Images  can  be  viewed as temporary discs that can contain
             any disc format. But such an image can only be written back
             to  a  disc  that  is compatible to the disc from which the
             image was originally made. It is not possible  to  override
             the BPB of the image.

             Verify  and  multiple  copies  are not possible if the des-
             tination is an image. Read recovery  also  won't  work  for
             images.

             When  reading  in  the  source disc (or image), D2D can use
             several kinds of memory to store data. First it  uses  con-
             ventional  RAM  (real-mode  RAM).  If  there is no more RAM
             available, D2D can use  Extended  Memory  via  XMS  2.0  or
             Expanded  Memory  via  EMS  4.0. If the program still needs
             more memory, it can store information on a fixed disc or  a
             RAM-disc.

             A  special  algorithm enables D2D to copy only the actually
             needed tracks on MS-DOS discs. This speeds up both, reading
             and  writing.  Formatting  is  not  affected, as D2D always




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   D2D                   Professional Disc Copy Program                   D2D


             formats the entire disc (if formatting is required at all).

             D2D can create multiple copies of a single disc, with  only
             reading  the  source  disc once. This greatly increases the
             speed of the copy process.

             The destination disc will  be  formatted  automatically  if
             necessary.  If  one  of the destination discs is defective,
             D2D will try the process again with another disc.

        OPTIONS

             /number

                  The process of writing the destination  disc  will  be
                  repeated  number  times.  Only  successful  copies are
                  counted.

             /a

                  Copy all tracks on the disc and do  not  use  the  op-
                  timizing algorithm.

             /bstring

                  String   specifies  the  physical  format  (BPB,  BIOS
                  Parameter Block) of the source disc.  This  option  is
                  required  if  the  disc  to  be copied is not a MS-DOS
                  disc. The disc formats are encoded as  follows  (exact
                  spelling required):

                  160k 160kB (40 cylinders, 8 sectors, one side, MFM)

                  180k 180kB (40 cylinders, 9 sectors, one side, MFM)

                  320k 320kB (40 cylinders, 8 sectors, two sides, MFM)

                  320S 320kB (80 cylinders, 8 sectors, one side, MFM)

                  360k 360kB (40 cylinders, 9 sectors, two sides, MFM)

                  360S 360kB (80 cylinders, 9 sectors, one side, MFM)

                  720k 720kB (80 cylinders, 9 sectors, two sides, MFM)

                  1.2M 1.2MB (80 cylinders, 15 sectors, two sides, MFM)

                  1.4M 1.44MB (80 cylinders, 18 sectors, two sides, MFM)

                  2.8M 2.88MB (80 cylinders, 36 sectors, two sides, MFM)






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             /cstring

                  String  specifies  the  comment  that will be added if
                  destination is an image. In all other cases  the  com-
                  ment  is  silently  ignored.  Quoting  is necessary if
                  blanks are present in the comment.

             /D

                  This switch enables deactivation of the boot  code  on
                  each  destination  disc. Just a simple measure against
                  boot virusses!

             /enumber

                  number specifies the amount of expanded memory  in  kB
                  that  may  be used to store the source disc's data. If
                  number is equal to zero, no  EMS  will  be  used.  The
                  amount  of  memory  can  only  be decreased, but never
                  increased. If there  is  less  memory  available  than
                  specified, only the available memory will be used.

             /n

                  Tells D2D that the machine is not 100% IBM compatible.
                  Sometimes this option can help  if  problems  are  en-
                  countered. This option is obsolete.

             /o

                  Inhibits  creating a new volume serial number for each
                  destination disc.  This  is  normally  done  when  the
                  source disc has a serial number.

             /q

                  Normally a bell is heard whenever the program tries to
                  attract the users's attention.  This  option  disables
                  the bell (except for fatal errors).

             /r

                  This  flag enables the read recovery processing option
                  of D2D. Normally the program aborts reading the source
                  disc  on  the  first  read error. In recovery mode D2D
                  gives each sector on a bad track an extra try. Whether
                  the  try  was  successful  or  not, the program always
                  continues reading.

             /tdrive:[directory]

                  When there is not enough  memory  addressable  by  the
                  CPU,  D2D  will  create  a file in the specified fixed



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                  drive's directory to store data in it.

             /u

                  Normally D2D decides whether the destination  disc  is
                  suitable  formatted; in that case the destination disc
                  is not formatted again. This option forces the program
                  to format the destination disc.

             /v[s]

                  Instructs  D2D to verify each track after having writ-
                  ten it. If smart verify (/vs) is selected, the  tracks
                  are  only verified if they are not formatted. This op-
                  tion does not affect the automatic  verification  that
                  follows formatting.

             /w

                  The  program  asks  for  confirmation if a destination
                  disc contains any valid data.  With  this  option  the
                  arising question is automatically confirmed.

             /xnumber

                  number  specifies  the amount of extended memory in kB
                  that may be used to store the source disc's  data.  If
                  number  is  equal  to  zero,  no XMS will be used. The
                  amount of memory can  only  be  decreased,  but  never
                  increased.  If  there  is  less  memory available than
                  specified, only the available memory will be used.

             /?

                  makes D2D display a short explanation of each option.

        EXAMPLES

             Copy the disc in drive A: to the disc in drive B:, and  use
             drive C: to swap

                  d2d a: b: /tc:

             Copy  the  non-DOS  disc  (360kB) in drive A: and produce 3
             copies in drive A:

                  d2d A: A: /3 /b360k

             Copy the disc in drive B: to the disc in drive B:,  do  not
             use  extended  memory  (if present), copy all tracks and do
             not create a new volume serial number

                  d2d a: b: /x0 /a /o



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             Create an image on disc C: for the disc  in  drive  A:  and
             enter  recovery mode. The comment tells something about the
             original disc

                  d2d A: C:\image "/cSource was bad/r"

             Create two copies in  drive  A:  from  the  previous  image
             stored on fixed disc C: and verify the destination discs

                  d2d c:\image a: /2 /vs


        SEE ALSO

             D2D Referenzhandbuch

        BUGS

             D2D  cannot  copy  a  disc  with  defective  sectors  on it
             automatically. You must specify option  /r.  If  the  first
             track  on the disc is damaged, you must also use the /b op-
             tion to select the format of the disc.  In  that  case  the
             destination disc is always formatted.

             The  command  line parser is inconsistent: Drive specifica-
             tions must be arguments while several options can be in one
             argument. That is why

                  d2d a: b:/a /o

             is not accepted while

                  d2d a: b: /a/o

             is  correct  syntax.  Try to make each option an individual
             argument. The parser also allows to specify  all  arguments
             in any order. That is why

                  d2d /a a: b: /x128 /v

             and

                  d2d /x128 /a a: b: /v

             produce  the  same  result.  The  only  exception are drive
             specifications: The first drive is always the source drive.

             The  consistent  parser  makes  comments  on  images  quite
             difficult:  If the comment contains blanks, the whole argu-
             ment must be quoted  (like  "/ca blank").  No  comment  can
             contain a slash (/).

             The  specified  path  for  the  temporary swap file is only
             checked if it is needed.  Invalid  paths  from  environment


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             variables are silently ignored.

             Images must reside on a fixed disc whereas disc drives must
             be floppy drives. It is possible to fool  D2D  with  images
             paths that are not on a fixed disc.

             Paths for images and temporary swap files must begin with a
             drive letter prefix.

             Almost every message from D2D is written to stderr;  there-
             fore they can't be redirected with COMMAND.COM.













































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